Jovana Bojanic

Dopamine and the numerous ways it affects our brains and behaviour has recently become a hot topic. With the concept of "dopamine addiction" getting tossed around in conversations on social media and offline, we're taking a look at this feel-good chemical's powerful role in both dependency and recovery. We want to understand its impact and help unravel the mechanics of addiction.What Is Dopamine?In simplest terms, dopamine is a neurotransmitter that carries messages between nerve cells and plays a role in a number of vital bodily functions, such as focus, movement, and decision-making. It is also involved in reward and motivation, which are integral to gambling.Like any other substance in the body, keeping dopamine at optimum levels is key, as too much or too little dopamine may cause health problems. For instance, research has revealed connections between dopamine depletion on the one hand and motor impairment and cognitive deficiencies that are typical for Parkinson's disease on the other. Likewise, keeping dopamine above baseline may contribute to various addictive behaviours, gambling included.We will focus on the latter and see how dopamine works to create pleasure derived from a potential outcome, pushing people to seek a reward, whether healthy or harmful. Dopamine and GamblingDopamine is synthesised and released via several pathways in the brain, also known as dopaminergic pathways or projections, that influence all sorts of cognitive and motor functions, encouraging positive (e.g. exercise) or negative habits (e.g. drug use). Consequently, some dopaminergic pathways play a greater role in gambling addiction than others.¹The dopamine projections are put into action when doing anything that brings pleasure. For some gamblers, placing wagers on games with uncertain outcomes may bring disproportionate satisfaction through a surge in dopamine.Although there's nothing wrong with experiencing dopamine surges (after all, it's the chemical that makes us happy), there's a catch: exposing the brain too often to dopamine makes it gradually build tolerance to the chemical. What once was satisfying is no longer enough to make us happy as the brain seeks more of the same to reach the same level of excitement.Combined with a series of other factors, experiencing sudden, abnormally high levels of dopamine frequently makes the brain addicted to the substance.But as the thrill fades, memories of past wins stay strong. Triggers, like flashing lights or machine sounds, rekindle urges and quitting becomes increasingly challenging.Near-misses also reinforce gambling behaviour. In this situation, the player comes close to winning.The brain reacts to near-misses like wins, releasing dopamine to push for another try.In skill-based tasks, this response drives improvement. For example, in sports, a near-miss triggers dopamine release, encouraging people to keep practising and improving.However, the brain's pleasure centre fails to distinguish between skill-based games and games of chance. Gambling relies on luck, not skill. This results in players finding themselves trapped in a cycle of false hope.Can Addiction Change the Brain?Yes, addiction can change the brain. The brain is an incredibly complex organ responsible for vital functions and communication throughout the body. It operates through billions of neurons that form intricate networks, sending signals to regulate thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.When addiction develops, these neural pathways adapt, reinforcing compulsive behaviours and making them harder to break.According to research on the neurobiology of pathological gambling, gambling disorders are linked to changes in key brain regions, particularly the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex, parts of the brain that regulate reward processing, emotions, and decision-making, among others.Brain imaging studies show people with gambling disorders, like those with substance addictions, have lower activity in the ventral striatum when anticipating rewards. This suggests a weaker response to potential gains, which may drive impulsive gambling. Other findings reveal reduced volumes in the amygdala and hippocampus, regions responsible for emotional learning and stress regulation.Teenagers are especially vulnerable to gambling due to brain development patterns. The prefrontal cortex, which controls impulses and decision-making, matures later than other brain areas. This delayed development increases risk-taking behaviour, including gambling.Gambling addiction, in particular, follows distinct patterns, often driven by:Compulsive chasing of wins: The brain craves the dopamine rush from a win, leading individuals to keep gambling in an attempt to recover losses.Escaping trauma or stress: Some use gambling as a way to cope with emotional distress, reinforcing a harmful cycle.Impulsive, risk-seeking behaviours: Those with a tendency for thrill-seeking may be more prone to gambling addiction due to the excitement and unpredictability involved.Is It Ever Too Late to Re-Educate the Brain?The brain constantly adapts. That's its core function. Learning something new reshapes it while forgetting alters it again. This continuous change means that frequent gambling rewires the brain, reinforcing habits that can lead to addiction. However, the brain never remains fixed. By changing thoughts, behaviours, and actions, a person can rewire their brain again, breaking free from addiction as old patterns fade.We found this explanation from Dr Jared Cooney Horvath, a neuroscientist at the University of Melbourne, particularly compelling:"When you learn something new, the brain changes to adapt to it. When you forget how to do that thing, the brain changes, so you forget it. It's constantly moving."Research published by Castle Craig puts high hopes in the concept of neuroplasticity. This remarkable ability is our brain's competence to build new brain cells and neural pathways throughout life. In effect, we can always adapt, change, grow, and reorganise, even after addiction.According to ScienceDirect, physical exercise may support brain recovery by enhancing neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to adapt and repair neural pathways.Exercise has been shown to improve cerebral blood flow, white matter integrity, and cognitive control.The beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition are engaging in alternative pleasurable activities, such as exercise or social interactions. This can create new dopamine pathways. Repetition strengthens these new associations, gradually reducing gambling urges.Hacks to Manage Dopamine and Sustain MotivationDr Andrew Huberman has offered a rather interesting list of techniques. Below you will find a summary of possible solutions. Maintaining a Healthy Dopamine BaselineMorning sunlight: Spend 10-30 minutes in sunlight daily (without sunglasses) to boost dopamine levels and receptor expression.Cold exposure: Take a 1-3 minute cold shower to significantly elevate dopamine levels for hours.Tyrosine-rich diet: Eat red meat, nuts, and hard cheese to support natural dopamine production.Avoid melatonin supplements: They lower dopamine and disrupt sleep patterns. Use only for jet lag.Limit bright light at night: Avoid exposure between 10 p.m. and 4 a.m. to prevent dopamine depletion.Caffeine intake: To enhance dopamine sensitivity, consume 100-400mg of caffeine daily (e.g., coffee or tea), but avoid it late in the day.Dopamine Detox - Managing Dopamine Peaks for Sustained MotivationHere is some advice on how to try to reduce dopamine addiction:Intermittent reward timing: Celebrate some wins but not all to keep motivation high without dopamine burnout.Mindset control: The brain links dopamine to perception. Acknowledge progress to reinforce motivation.Visual focus ("spotlighting"): Physically focus on a specific point to enhance dopamine and mental clarity.Avoid dopamine overload: Layering too many dopamine triggers (e.g., music, supplements, social stimuli) can cause crashes. Switch up routines to maintain long-term motivation.Supplement wisely: Some supplements can enhance focus, but use sparingly to prevent dependency.Control Dopamine, Control the BrainThe more one gambles, the more the brain craves it. As we mentioned earlier, the good news is the brain can change. It's built to adapt. Here's what you should pay attention to:Know the triggers: Stress, boredom, or even certain times of the day can pull people back in. If spotted early, control can be regained.Swap gambling for something else: Exercise, social time, or a new hobby can rebuild the brain's reward system. Over time, cravings fade.Potential treatments focus on brain stimulation: Research shows that stimulating the prefrontal cortex can help regulate cravings and emotions in people showing signs of problem gambling. According to the American Psychological Association, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has begun approving neuromodulatory treatments for addictions, which may eventually benefit gambling disorders. Cognitive behavioural therapy remains the most common treatment. Breaking free isn't easy, but it's possible. Stay consistent. Make better choices, and your brain will follow.Get the truth. Then play.If you or anyone you know need help and support to control their gambling habits, please contact GambleAware.¹ One study found that mesolimbic dopamine, the one that controls incentive motivation, was released to a greater extent in problem gamblers than in healthy controls during a gambling event.

Did you know that age actually plays a significant role in problem gambling? According to a study performed by AKJournals, individuals aged 65 and older are less likely to develop gambling issues. Conversely, studies, including those by The Responsible Gambling Council, highlight that between the ages of 18 and 24, the brain is still developing. This implies that decision-making abilities and impulse control are not yet fully matured. Young adults are thus particularly vulnerable to developing problems or pathological gambling behaviours. That is why this week's AskGamblers' Education Corner will have all eyes on teenagers and young adults.Understanding the Developing BrainWe have learned from the Huberman Lab that the brain of a young adult is still undergoing significant development, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which governs decision-making and impulse control. There may be scientific debate about the exact age at which the brain reaches full maturity. However, the fact is that teenagers and young adults are still in the critical stages of development. Meanwhile, the limbic system, which drives emotions and rewards, is highly active during this period. This imbalance makes young adults more susceptible to impulsive decisions, such as gambling.The intermittent rewards from gambling stimulate dopamine release in the brain. Stimuli are in the form of monetary winnings, virtual prizes, or the thrill of a near-miss. Over time, this creates a cycle of craving and dependency. On the bright side, many real-life stories show that people can rewire their brains to change habits. What it requires, however, is consistent effort, which doesn’t happen overnight. The Risks of Gambling for Young AdultsThe thrill of novelty and independence often overshadows the long-term consequences of actions. This makes young adults more prone to engaging in reckless behaviours such as gambling.Gambling, whether through online platforms, video games, or social environments, can become a dangerous outlet for this thrill-seeking behaviour.The still-developing brains of young adults are particularly susceptible to falling into gambling traps that may lead to lifelong consequences.But when does the problem begin? What conditions set the stage for gambling to take hold, and at what age does this risk emerge? Let’s explore the most influential factors that contribute to the development of problematic gambling behaviour.Social InfluenceAccording to a study conducted by PMC PubMed Central, social pressure significantly contributes to the rise of gambling among young adults. Peer influence and online advertising are both major factors. Individuals in this age group often seek validation and acceptance from their friends. Social media plays a pivotal role by glorifying glamorous lifestyles, showcasing idealised and curated versions of reality.Influencers, celebrities, and friends frequently post about luxury items, extravagant vacations, and success stories. That way, they create an illusion of effortless achievement.Constant exposure can lead impressionable young adults to equate happiness and self-worth with material success and wealth. This results in unrealistic expectations and a desire to emulate such lifestyles. Creating a false perception of success entices young adults to gamble in the hopes of achieving similar outcomes.Ethnic and Economic TriggersEconomic factors, such as the pressure to earn money quickly, make the issue worse. The 2024 UK Gambling Commission’s report on young people and their gambling behaviour indicates that most teens play because they find it fun. Some young people, however, view gambling as a shortcut to financial success.Capitalist society, in particular, glorifies wealth and status. We have to be aware that this can create a dangerous cycle of chasing winnings and accumulating losses. An interesting study conducted by AIFS demonstrated that individuals of minority groups reported they started to gamble at a younger age than individuals from the general population. The reasons are economic disparities, cultural norms, social isolation, targeted marketing, and limited access to resources. Developed countries may face unique challenges influencing gambling behaviour. The Deceitful Influence of Video Game TournamentsSeemingly harmless video game tournaments can subtly manipulate young minds into gambling behaviours. Many games integrate features such as loot boxes, and players spend real money for a chance to win virtual rewards.These mechanics mimic traditional gambling, as they rely on chance and offer a dopamine-driven reward system.Some video games even host tournaments where participants bet skins (in-game items) or money, further blurring the line between gaming and gambling. Why Parents Are Often UnawareMany parents don't know about their teenagers’ gambling habits. The signs are not undetectable, but not enough attention is being paid. A study conducted by the PEW Research Center showed that the demands of modern life often leave parents too busy, distracted, or disconnected. Often they do not notice what’s happening. Time spent on screens or money fixation is commonly dismissed as typical teenage behaviour or harmless gaming.Parents might think the kids are having fun. They do not realise that their child’s gaming could involve real money or lead to destructive habits later. Digital platforms further enable secrecy. Teens can discreetly access gambling apps, sites, or online betting forums. The stigma around gambling compounds the problem because teens are unlikely to open up to parents about their activities.Detecting Unusual Behaviour in TeensParents play a crucial role in identifying early signs of gambling behaviour in their teenagers. Being attentive to sudden changes in mood and behaviour, such as irritability, secrecy, or withdrawal from family activities. Unexplained financial issues, such as money going missing or frequent requests for cash, can also be red flags. Keeping an eye on their online activity. Particularly time spent on platforms with loot boxes, betting features, or gambling-like mechanics.If the teen becomes fixated on winning or starts using gambling terminology, it may be a sign to investigate further. Open and non-judgmental conversations. Creating an environment where teens feel comfortable sharing can help uncover issues early.Educating Parents and TeensFor nearly two decades, AskGamblers experts have reviewed more than 3,300 licensed online casinos. Over the years, we have noticed that most operators clearly state that gambling is forbidden for underaged players. However, few incorporate tools that would prevent minors from registering and playing. Even with verification checks in place, most players are allowed to deposit, play, and lose money before they have been verified.Too many online casinos acquire verification only before a withdrawal request. Lack of accountability shifts the responsibility onto the community to cultivate new trends. Parents play an active role in understanding the games their children play and the platforms they frequent. What empowers parents to spot red flags early on is gaining insight into gambling-like features. Easing the pressure to chase endless wealth and constant excitement can help. AskGamblers’ Education Corner aims to fight the traps that draw young people into gambling through educating, raising awareness and highlighting responsible gambling. To stand a chance against the alerting trends is to know about the forms and risks of gambling. Also we need to motivate youngsters with other activities. Some which are not connected to the rat race of making money and winning competitions. Prevalence of gambling among teenagers remains. The goal is to ensure they stay away from online casinos. The first step is to create a safer, more informed group of individuals, young and older.  Get the truth. Then play. Sources:AKJournalsThe Responsible Gambling CouncilUK Gambling CommissionPMC PubMed CentralAIFS Australian Institute of Family StudiesPEW Research CenterHuberman Lab

Keeping our most valued audience—our players—informed and educated takes centre stage at AskGamblers. We want to arm you with the knowledge needed to make savvy decisions and revel in a safer, more responsible gambling experience. This time around, we’ve taken a step towards gathering eye-opening statistics and insights straight from our certified casinos, all focused on responsible gambling tools and their usage. Thorough Research and Comprehensive AnalysisTo address the needs and preferences of our players we asked some of the best casinos on AskGamblers for input, inviting them to answer questions about responsible gambling tools and their usage. They answered. We did the math.The responses were revealing, providing invaluable comprehension. Based on these answers we are now able to equip you with the understanding necessary to make well-informed choices, while also shedding light on the real-life situations players experience behind the scenes. Interested? Let's do some stats.Burning QuestionsWhat percentage of players, on a yearly basis, request self-exclusion?The responses from our partner casinos indicate that, on average, around 10% or fewer players request self-exclusion each year. About self-exclusion: This tool is essential for those who recognise the need to take a break from gambling to prevent potential harm. At first glance, this average of 10% might seem low. However, it is quite the opposite—it is actually a significant number. How many players, on a yearly basis, set deposit limits?According to the data we collected, approximately 10-15% of players set deposit limits annually. About deposit limits: This proactive measure helps players manage their spending and maintain control over their gambling activities.An average of 10-15% might seem substantial. However, it's actually a relatively low figure. This means that up to 85% of players are potentially at risk of overspending, as they are unaware or not utilising this crucial tool.How many players set a cool-off period each year?Our survey revealed that around 12% of players take advantage of cool-off periods each year. About cool-off periods: Cool-off periods offer a valuable option for players looking to take a temporary break or step away from gambling for a short duration without committing to a long-term self-exclusion. The average of 12% means that up to 88% of players are either unaware of this tool or are not applying it, leaving them potentially at risk of developing problematic gambling behaviours.What are the top three most common requests from players regarding available limiting tools?The most frequent requests from players regarding limiting tools are:Setting a deposit limitTaking a cool-off periodSetting a loss limitThe frequent requests for these three tools underscore their effectiveness and high demand among players.Fact: Given the insights we gathered from our questions above, awareness plays a pivotal role in the utilisation of these tools. Players need to be aware that a casino offers such tools, so they are more likely to use them. How many players that set limits want to reset them prior to their expiration date?The percentage of players who wish to get back to default settings earlier than arranged, after setting limits varies significantly among different casinos. Some casinos reported figures as high as 80%, while others reported less than 15%. This variation illustrates the diverse behaviours and needs of players concerning self-imposed gambling restrictions. However, it may also indicate that these tools are not sufficiently visible or accessible on the casino page?!What percentage of players attempt to circumvent self-exclusion measures?The responses from our partner casinos regarding attempts to circumvent self-exclusion measures varied widely. Some casinos reported that up to 80% of players try to bypass these measures, while others reported figures as low as 5%. These attempts are usually unsuccessful due to robust systems and safeguards in place at some casinos. The high percentages reported by others indicate that there is still work to be done in enhancing these protective measures.This significant variation illustrates the different levels of effectiveness and robustness in self-exclusion systems across various casinos. We would be pleased to see these casinos review and strengthen their self-exclusion measures to ensure that they are effective in preventing at-risk players from falling back into harmful gambling patterns.Improvement and Innovation in Responsible GamblingThis survey has shown us that, while some casinos have implemented advanced technologies and rigorous protocols to safeguarding, others still have much more to do and many gaps to fill.The significant variation in the effectiveness of self-exclusion measures across different casinos indicates areas where improvement would be necessary. However, development begins with identifying weak points and addressing them. By focusing on these vulnerabilities and working collaboratively with casinos, we can enhance the safeguards in place and better protect our players. Ultimately, it is up to the operators and their commitment to equipping themselves with the necessary tools and systems to ensure safe and responsible gambling. More on these topics in the next reports.Get the truth. Then play. 

Recently we had the chance to sit down with the renowned Serbian spec. psychiatrist Prim. Dr. Ivica Mladenović, subspecialist in addiction disorder, to discuss the importance of responsible gambling. In the powerful medium of online gambling, the excitement and potential rewards can be highly enticing. However, it is crucial to approach gambling with a sense of responsibility and awareness.Below are the main questions we've talked about:Are there any tricks for gamblers to stop themselves when there are no tools to set limits? While many top casinos provide useful tools such as deposit limits and cooling-off periods, what can players do when these tools are not available?Is there some mantra a player can say to themselves to prevent going too far?Dr. Mladenović has made it clear: "No, there isn’t. Without the necessary tools for limits and self-exclusion provided by the operator, players are largely on their own."So, What Can AskGamblers Do in This Situation?The answer lies in harm reduction and harm prevention through education. By educating players, we can raise awareness about responsible gambling and provide the knowledge needed to navigate the risks associated with gambling.Among the many aspects we discussed regarding gambling addiction and its treatment, Prim. Dr. Ivica Mladenović emphasized,When you take something away, you have to give something back in return.AskGamblers wants to give something back to our community and our players. What Can You Expect from the AskGamblers Education Corner?From now on, we will publish articles on various subjects with one mission: to make you, our players, aware of what’s out there. Here’s what you can expect from the AskGamblers Education Corner:Understanding the risks: We will delve into the potential problems you can face while gambling. Understanding the risks is the first step toward responsible gambling. We’ll discuss how gambling addiction develops and the signs to watch out for.Statistics and facts: AskGamblers talks with operators and gathers information all around responsible gambling, players and patterns. Tools and resources: We will inform you about the tools available to help you gamble responsibly. While some casinos offer excellent limiting tools, we will also highlight third-party tools and resources that can aid in managing your gambling behavior.Choosing the right casino: Not all online casinos are created equal. We’ll provide guidance on what to pay attention to when registering at a casino, what to avoid, and what to look for. Ensuring that the casino you choose supports responsible gambling practices is vital. Just take a glance at our casino reviews.Seeking help - stop hiding: Knowing who to turn to for help is crucial. We will provide information on various organizations and support groups that offer assistance to those struggling with gambling addiction.Real stories and consequences: We’ll share real stories and experiences of individuals who have faced gambling addiction. By understanding the real-life consequences, players can better grasp the importance of responsible gambling.With the right motivation, the brain, no matter how old, can change.Insights into neuroscience and motivation: With the right motivation, every brain, no matter how old, can change. This is great news for those struggling with gambling addiction. Nothing is fixed; everything can shift. Even the chemistry in our brains is malleable. Neuroscience tells us that our brains are capable of remarkable transformations. Through education and the adoption of healthy habits, players can rewire their brains, breaking free from destructive patterns and embracing more positive behaviors.AskGamblers MantraWe might not be able to provide a groundbreaking mantra to stop you from over-spending, but we are committed to informing you about the potential consequences and less flattering outcomes of gambling. Education is the cornerstone of awareness, and awareness is the first step toward responsible gambling.Stay tuned to the AskGamblers Education Corner for more articles and insights into the milieu of gambling. We will do our best to equip you with the knowledge and tools necessary to enjoy gambling as a fun and controlled activity. Remember, with the right information, you can make informed decisions and play responsibly.Get the truth. Then play.